What Is TMJ Dysfunction
and Why Does It Hurt?
The temporomandibular joint connects your jawbone to your skull, sitting just in front of each ear. It is one of the most-used joints in your body, involved in every bite, word, and yawn throughout the day. When this joint or the surrounding muscles become strained, the result is temporomandibular joint dysfunction, commonly called TMJ or TMD. According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, TMJ disorders affect the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement, producing symptoms that can range from mild discomfort to significant impairment.
TMJ dysfunction is more common than most people realize. Symptoms include jaw soreness and clicking, tension headaches, ear pain, tinnitus, and difficulty opening or closing your mouth fully. The causes vary: bruxism (clenching or grinding your teeth), bite misalignment, stress-related jaw tension, or joint inflammation can all trigger or worsen symptoms. When left untreated, TMJ dysfunction can contribute to cartilage wear, bite instability, and tooth damage over time.